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{PDOC00160}
{PS00177; TOPOISOMERASE_II}
{BEGIN}
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* DNA topoisomerase II signature *
**********************************

DNA topoisomerase II (EC 5.99.1.3) [1,2,3,4] is one of the two types of enzyme
that catalyze   the  interconversion  of  topological  DNA  isomers.  Type  II
topoisomerases are  ATP-dependent  and act by passing a DNA  segment through a
transient double-strand   break.   Topoisomerase   II   is  found  in  phages,
archaebacteria, prokaryotes,  eukaryotes,  and  in  African  Swine Fever virus
(ASF). In  bacteriophage  T4  topoisomerase II consists of three subunits (the
product of  genes  39,  52  and  60). In prokaryotes and in archaebacteria the
enzyme, known  as  DNA  gyrase,  consists of two subunits (genes gyrA and gyrB
[4]). In  some  bacteria, a second type II topoisomerase has been  identified;
it is known as topoisomerase IV and is required for chromosome segregation, it
also consists  of  two  subunits (genes parC and parE). In eukaryotes, type II
topoisomerase is a homodimer.

There are many regions of sequence homology between the different  subtypes of
topoisomerase II. The relation between the different  subunits is shown in the
following representation:

  <----------------About-1400-residues----------------------->

  [----------Protein 39-*-----][----Protein 52----]              Phage T4
  [----------gyrB-------*-----][--------gyrA-----------------]   Prokaryote II
                                                                 Archaea
  [----------parE-------*-----][--------parD-----------------]   Prokaryote IV
  [---------------------*------------------------------------]   Eukaryote and
                                                                 ASF

'*': Position of the pattern.

As a signature pattern for this family of proteins,  we have selected a region
that contains a highly conserved pentapeptide. The pattern is located in gyrB,
in parE, and in protein 39 of phage T4 topoisomerase.

-Consensus pattern: [LIVMA]-{R}-E-G-[DN]-S-A-{F}-[STAG]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in Swiss-Prot: 4.
-Last update: December 2004 / Pattern and text revised.

[ 1] Sternglanz R.
     "DNA topoisomerases."
     Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 1:533-535(1989).
     PubMed=2560656
[ 2] Bjornsti M.-A.
     Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 1:99-103(1991).
[ 3] Sharma A., Mondragon A.
     "DNA topoisomerases."
     Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 5:39-47(1995).
     PubMed=7773745
[ 4] Roca J.
     "The mechanisms of DNA topoisomerases."
     Trends Biochem. Sci. 20:156-160(1995).
     PubMed=7770916

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